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                  <text>Cameron DeChurch, Meena Gudapati, Jacob Carnes, Kayla Marr</text>
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                  <text>Introduction: &#13;
Giovanna Garzoni was born in 1600 in Ascoli Piceno of the Marche region of Italy. She is best known for her still life pieces, with which she became famous and renowned. She was one of the pioneers for women into the still life genre, and as such stood out greatly. Many of her still life works allude to sexual reproduction and genitalia, and are considered to have pro-feminist messages. Garzoni’s still life paintings resemble those of artists such as Fede Galizia (1578-1630) and she is thought to have been potentially influenced by Jacopo Ligozzi, but Garzoni’s works stand out for her inclusion of lively animals, insects, and variety in her inclusion of fruit subjects. Garzoni includes a wide variety of fruits, ranging from figs to apples to peaches to citrons. She married her husband, Tiberio Tinelli, but soon after, had their marriage annulled. Travelling across much of Europe, Garzoni gained inspiration from the various sights she witnessed. She settled for a while to be a painter for the Medici family where she was assured her art was to be appreciated. Her drawings were frequently showcased throughout the Medici villas. Garzoni moved around and produced notable works in Italy, Spain, and France. Giovanna eventually died in 1670, but not before establishing herself as an artist and inspiring other female artists to work with still life pieces. </text>
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                <text>Garzoni, Giovanna. “Giovanna Garzoni.” Harvard Mirador Viewer. Accessed October 12, 2021. https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:45882947$16i.&#13;
&#13;
Lambert, Craig. “Centuries of Flowers.” Harvard Magazine, August 30, 2016. https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2013/11/centuries-of-flowers. &#13;
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Rare Book Digitization Project. “[Piante Varie].” Dumbarton Oaks, August 19, 2020. https://www.doaks.org/resources/rare-books/piante-varie.  </text>
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                <text>Comparison object to Giovanna Garzoni's &lt;a href="https://baroque.dahvc.org/fall-2021/exhibits/show/giovanna-garzoni/item/227" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Dog with a Biscuit and a Chinese Cup&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Dish with Decoration of Oxen and Cherry Blossoms&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; relates to Giovanna Garzoni’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Dog with a Biscuit and a Chinese Cup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; as an example of the type of ceramic ware that Garzoni came into contact with and depicted in her artwork. As a court artist for the Medici family, Garzoni had access to the Medici family’s vast collection of objects from around the world, including Ming-era porcelain [5]. The presence of Chinese-style objects can be seen in several Garzoni still life paintings, including &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Dog with a Biscuit and a Chinese Cup.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; This particular porcelain dish is similar in subject matter and stylistic rendering to the cup pictured in Garzoni’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Dog with a Biscuit and a Chinese Cup. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Both the dish and the cup are white porcelain and include depictions of nature, with both featuring butterflies and flowering plants as subjects. Additionally, the painting method utilized in Garzoni’s painting of the cup is similar to the style of painting seen in the Ming-era dish. The ornamentation on Garzoni’s Chinese cup demonstrates the great care and detail she took to emulate the painting style characteristic of Ming-era porcelain.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Dish with Decoration of Oxen and Cherry Blossoms&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; is a porcelain dish made during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) sometime between 1615 and 1630 [6]. The dish’s height is 7.9 cm, its diameter is 35.9 cm, and the diameter of the dish’s foot is 22.5 cm. The dish is characterized as Jingdezhen (a city located in the northeastern Jiangxi province of China) porcelain based on the method of painting, which involves porcelain painted in underglaze cobalt blue over white slip [7]. The cobalt blue glaze is used in two-dimensional depictions of nature, including oxen, cherry blossoms, plants, and butterflies around the dish.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;[5] Barker, Sheila, and Sheila Barker. “The Universe of Giovanna Garzoni. Art, Mobility, and the Global Turn in the Geographical Imaginary.” Essay. In &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;"The Immensity of the Universe" in the Art of Giovanna Garzoni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, 16–29. Sillabe, 2020.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;[6] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Dish with Decoration of Oxen and Cherry Blossoms. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Images, n.d. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://jstor.org/stable/community.18400505"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;https://jstor.org/stable/community.18400505&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;[7] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Jingdezhen." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Encyclopedia Britannica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, November 30, 2017. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Jingdezhen"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;https://www.britannica.com/place/Jingdezhen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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Giovanna Garzoni was born in 1600 in Ascoli Piceno of the Marche region of Italy. She is best known for her still life pieces, with which she became famous and renowned. She was one of the pioneers for women into the still life genre, and as such stood out greatly. Many of her still life works allude to sexual reproduction and genitalia, and are considered to have pro-feminist messages. Garzoni’s still life paintings resemble those of artists such as Fede Galizia (1578-1630) and she is thought to have been potentially influenced by Jacopo Ligozzi, but Garzoni’s works stand out for her inclusion of lively animals, insects, and variety in her inclusion of fruit subjects. Garzoni includes a wide variety of fruits, ranging from figs to apples to peaches to citrons. She married her husband, Tiberio Tinelli, but soon after, had their marriage annulled. Travelling across much of Europe, Garzoni gained inspiration from the various sights she witnessed. She settled for a while to be a painter for the Medici family where she was assured her art was to be appreciated. Her drawings were frequently showcased throughout the Medici villas. Garzoni moved around and produced notable works in Italy, Spain, and France. Giovanna eventually died in 1670, but not before establishing herself as an artist and inspiring other female artists to work with still life pieces. </text>
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                <text>Garrard, Mary D. “Intersections in the Careers of Artemisia Gentileschi and Giovanna Garzoni.” Art Herstory. Art Herstory, September 25, 2021. https://artherstory.net/two-of-a-kind-garzoni-and-gentileschi/. </text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Dog with a Biscuit and a Chinese Cup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; was painted by Giovanna Garzoni in 1648. The work is a tempera painting on vellum that measures 27.5 x 39.5 centimeters [1]. Between the years 1642 to 1651, Garzoni worked as a court artist for the Medici Grand Dukes in Florence [2]. This particular painting was commissioned by Vittoria della Rovere, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and wife of Grand Duke Ferdinando II de’Medici [3]. This still life painting depicts a small English lap dog perched on a red tablecloth-covered table next to a Chinese cup and two biscuits. Two house flies sit atop the biscuits that are surrounded by crumbs. The inclusion of the house flies suggest that this still life scene is a brief moment captured in time. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Dog with a Biscuit and a Chinese Cup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; demonstrates a common practice of Garzoni’s, depicting contrasts between the exotic and the common. The English lap dop and the Chinese cup are foreign elements that indicate the reach of the Medici family beyond Italy’s borders, enabling the collecting of animals and objects from other countries [4]. The white porcelain cup is ornamented with paintings of shadowless butterflies and plants reminiscent of traditional Ming dynasty ceramic painting. Garzoni’s imitation of the Ming dynasty painting style further demonstrates a distinction between exotic and common. Garzoni’s flat depiction of nature shown in the cup contrasts with the highly realistic rendering of the houseflies on the biscuits. The differences in painting methods showcase Garzoni’s understanding of the varying painting practices she encountered, including the shadowless Chinese painting and the trompe l’oeil painting common in Europe.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2493">
                <text>Giovanna Garzoni</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2494">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;[1] Giovanna Garzoni. Dog with a Biscuit and a Chinese Cup. Images, n.d. &lt;a href="https://jstor.org/stable/community.14497273" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://jstor.org/stable/community.14497273&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;[2] "Garzoni, Giovanna." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Benezit Dictionary of Artists&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;. 31 Oct. 2011; Accessed 12 Oct. 2021. &lt;a href="https://www.oxfordartonline.com/benezit/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.001.0001/acref-9780199773787-e-00071138" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.oxfordartonline.com/benezit/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.001.0001/acref-9780199773787-e-00071138&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;[3] “Canina Con Biscotti e Tazza Cinese Di Giovanna Garzoni - Finestre Sull'Arte, Podcast Di Storia Dell'Arte.” Finestre sull'Arte. Finestre sull'Arte, October 1, 2014. &lt;a href="https://www.finestresullarte.info/operadelgiorno/2014/297-giovanna-garzoni-canina-con-biscotti-e-tazza-cinese.php" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.finestresullarte.info/operadelgiorno/2014/297-giovanna-garzoni-canina-con-biscotti-e-tazza-cinese.php&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;[4] Barker, Sheila, and Sheila Barker. “The Universe of Giovanna Garzoni. Art, Mobility, and the Global Turn in the Geographical Imaginary.” Essay. In &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;"The Immensity of the Universe" in the Art of Giovanna Garzoni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, 16–29. Sillabe, 2020.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2495">
                <text>1648</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2496">
                <text>Kayla Marr</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Painting; tempera on vellum</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2500">
                <text>Commissioned by Vittoria della Rovere. Image and original data provided by SCALA, Florence/ART RESOURCE, N.Y., &lt;a href="http://www.artres.com/c/htm/Home.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.artres.com/c/htm/Home.aspx&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.scalarchives.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scalarchives.com&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2501">
                <text>(c) 2006, SCALA, Florence/ART RESOURCE, N.Y.</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2502">
                <text>27.5 x 39.5 cm</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2503">
                <text>Palazzo Pitti, Galleria Palatina, Florence, Italy, Inv. 1890 n. 4770</text>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2534">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://baroque.dahvc.org/fall-2021/items/show/229" target="_blank" title="Dish with Decoration of Oxen and Cherry Blossoms" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Dish with Decoration of Oxen and Cherry Blossoms&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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        <name>dog</name>
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        <name>garzoni</name>
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        <name>painting</name>
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        <name>still life</name>
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